针对异形件曲面弧度的测量问题, 提出了一种基于单目视觉的曲面弧度测量方法.首先, 用基于三色LED环形光源和CCD彩色相机组成的单目视觉系统采集单张包含被测曲面表面特性的彩色图像; 其次, 分析该图像的彩色分布特征、灰度变化规律和相邻区域特征的相关性, 设计分割方法, 完成目标曲面的分割; 然后, 基于单目视觉系统成像模型, 结合材质与实验环境相关参量, 推导出被测表面高度计算方程; 最后, 解出相邻像素点间的高度累加分量, 进而还原被测点的高度, 在此基础上, 建立曲面弧度测量模型并完成曲面弧度测量.分别对3D打印曲面样品、螺钉螺纹、SIM卡槽进行了曲面弧度测量实验, 与激光三角法测量结果对比, 所提方法误差小于±3.6%, 测量准确度为0.000 1 rad, 曲面弧度测量时长小于0.6 s.实验结果表明, 该方法对测量物体边缘、高度突变, 高度渐变等类型的曲面都具有良好的适应性, 在实现较高准确度测量的同时, 具有较快的测量速度.

为了实现大范围、长距离的大气烷烃气体检测, 将研制的中红外双组分甲烷、乙烷传感器以车载方式, 对某一地区的大气甲、乙烷含量进行了移动探测。该传感器系统采用中红外室温连续的带间级联激光器(ICL)作为光源, 采用高速数据采集卡采集信号, 利用上位机LabVIEW平台编写程序产生激光器扫描及调制信号、获取探测器信号并提取二次谐波, 通过计算, 确定大气烷烃气体浓度。根据气体采样时间、实时风速及车速, 计算得到系统的响应时间为82.5 s, 实验测量为85~95 s, 与理论一致。对系统噪声水平进行测试, 实验室中甲烷浓度波动为±40 nL/L, 乙烷波动为±2 nL/L, 车载过程甲烷浓度波动为+40至-80 nL/L, 乙烷波动为±4 nL/L。为验证传感器性能, 与美国Aeries公司的商用传感器结果做了对比, 二者呈现较好的一致性。最后, 给出了车载传感器系统在某条线路上的甲烷、乙烷浓度移动探测结果, 以及某小区甲烷、乙烷浓度的二维分布测绘结果, 分析了二种烷烃气体的变化关系。本文所开展的工作为探测烷烃气体泄漏并监测大气质量提供了技术保障。

报道了一种采用中红外室温连续带间级联激光器(ICL)的高精度大气甲烷检测系统.使用的ICL激光器的发光波数范围为2 998.4~2 999.6 cm-1, 覆盖甲烷在2 999.06 cm-1处的较强吸收峰.为增强气体吸收, 采用容积为220 mL、吸收光程为54.6 m多通池作为气体吸收池.采用LabVIEW平台和数据采集卡, 产生激光器扫描及调制信号, 同时获取探测器信号并采用数字运算提取二次谐波.实验结果显示, 当传感器系统的平均采样时间为3.3 s时, 传感器系统的阿伦方差为11.2 ppbv.采用该系统对实验室内外空气中甲烷浓度进行了长时间的测量, 证实该传感器系统具有较强的工程实用价值.

By adopting a distributed feedback laser (DFBL) centered at 1.654 μm, a near-infrared (NIR) methane (CH₄) detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is experimentally demonstrated. A laser temperature control as well as wavelength modulation module is developed to control the laser’s operation temperature. The laser’s temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of -0.02—0.02 °C, and the laser’s emitting wavelength varies linearly with the temperature and injection current. An open reflective gas sensing probe is realized to double the absorption optical path length from 0.2 m to 0.4 m. Within the detection range of 0—0.01, gas detection experiments were conducted to derive the relation between harmonic amplitude and gas concentration. Based on the Allan deviation at an integral time of 1 s, the limit of detection (LoD) is decided to be 2.952×10^-5with a path length of 0.4 m, indicating a minimum detectable column density of ~1.2×10^-5m. Compared with our previously reported NIR CH4 detection system, this system exhibits some improvement in both optical and electrical structures, including the analogue temperature controller with less software consumption, simple and reliable open reflective sensing probe.

A novel wavelet denoising (WD) assisted wavelength modulation technique is proposed for improving near-infrared detection performance on methane concentration based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). Due to the ability of multi-level analytical resolutions both in time- and frequency-domains, the noise contained in the differential signal is greatly suppressed. Sensor mechanical part, optical part and electrical part are integrated, and a portable detection device is finally developed. Theory and formulations of the WD-assisted wavelength modulation technique are presented, and experiments are carried out to prove the normal function on the extraction of the second harmonic (2f) signal from severely polluted differential signal by using the technique. By virtue of WD’s suppression on noises, the sensing characteristics on CH₄ concentration are improved, and the limit of detection (LOD) is decreased from 4×10^-6 (without WD processing) to 10^-6. The proposed technique can also be used for the measurement on the concentration of other gases with corresponding near-infrared distributed feedback lasers.

Considering that the white LED’s spectral response decreases exponentially with the increase of carrier frequency for the on-off-keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) visible light communication (VLC) data links, a first-order RC high-pass filter is designed and fabricated as a post-equalizer (PE) to compensate the LED spectral response. Formulation and simulation are both available for illustrating the VLC performance with and without PE. Experiments are performed in detail for the fabricated OOK-NRZ VLC system integrated with PE. The data transmission results show that by using PE, the measured carrier bandwidth is enhanced from 0.8 (0.4-1.2) MHz to 1.7 (0-1.7) MHz, and the bit-error-rate (BER) is less than 10^-9. It proves the feasibility of the proposed scheme in OOK-NRZ VLC data links.